Mukubatana kwakasiyana-siyana kwekugadzirwa kwemaindasitiri,zvidhinha zvesimbi zvekukanda, sechinhu chakakosha chine hunhu hwakakosha, chinoita basa risingatsiviwi. Nekugona kwavo kudzivirira kupisa kwakanyanya, kuramba ngura nezvimwe zvinhu, zvave zvichishandiswa zvakanyanya muminda yakawanda, zvichipa vimbiso yakakosha yekufambira mberi kwakanaka kwekugadzirwa kwemaindasitiri.
Basa Rakakosha Mukugadzira Metallurgical
Muindasitiri yekukanda simbi, kukanda zvidhinha zvesimbi zvinhu zvakakosha zvikuru. Chinangwa chavo chikuru ndechekushanda senzira yekuti simbi yakanyungudutswa ibude kubva mundiro ichienda kumould yeingot mukuita kwekukanda pasi. Kunyanya, zvidhinha zvesimbi zvinovakwa mumigero yeplate yeingot casting base, ine mugumo mumwe wakabatana nedhinha rekugovera simbi uye mumwe mugumo wakabatana nemould yeingot, zvichigadzira nzira huru yekuyerera kwesimbi yakanyungudutswa. Saka, zvinowanzonzi "tundish bricks" nevanhu vari mukati.
Munguva yekudurura simbi yakanyungudutswa, tembiricha yesimbi yakanyungudutswa inodziya zvakanyanya, kazhinji inosvika zviuru zvemadhigirii Celsius, izvo zvinoisa zvinodiwa zvakanyanya pakuramba kupisa kwesimbi yekukanda. Panguva imwe chete, simbi yakanyungudutswa ichave nekukanganisa kwakasimba uye kukwesha muviri wezvidhinha panguva yekuyerera, uye simbi yakanyungudutswa pachayo ichavewo nemakemikari akasiyana nemuviri wezvidhinha. Zvidhinha zvesimbi yekukanda zvemhando yepamusoro zvinogona kumira miedzo iyi uye kuve nechokwadi chekuti simbi yakanyungudutswa inoyerera zvakanaka. Buri rayo remukati rakatsetseka, izvo zvinogona kuderedza zvinobudirira kuramba kana simbi yakanyungudutswa ichiyerera, kudzivirira kuyerera kwakasimba panguva yekuyerera kwesimbi yakanyungudutswa, nokudaro zvichideredza kugadzirwa kwezvikanganiso zvakaita semabhurumu uye zvinosanganisirwa muingot, uye kuvandudza mhando yeingot. Ingave iri kukanda kwakatwasuka kwesimbi isina ngura, simbi ye alloy kana simbi yakajairwa ye carbon, zvidhinha zvesimbi yekukanda zvinogona kugadziriswa zvakanaka kuti zvipe rutsigiro rwakagadzikana rwekukanda kwemhando dzakasiyana dzesimbi.
Chinhu Chinokosha Chekuisa Magirazi Emoto Yemaindasitiri
Maovheni emaindasitiri ndiwo midziyo mikuru mumabasa akawanda ekugadzira maindasitiri, akadai semaovheni ekuputika uye maovheni ekupisa muindasitiri yesimbi nesimbi, uye maovheni ekuita zvinhu muindasitiri yemakemikari. Maovheni aya anowanzo fanirwa kushanda munzvimbo dzinopisa zvakanyanya, uye nharaunda yemukati yakaoma zvikuru. Zvidhinha zvesimbi, zvine simba guru rekudzivirira kupisa uye ngura, zvave sarudzo yakanaka yekuisa mukati memaovheni emaindasitiri.
Kushandisa zvidhinha zvesimbi sechikamu chemidziyo yeindasitiri kunogona kudzivirira kupisa kwakanyanya muchoto uye kukanganiswa kwemagasi akasiyana-siyana anoparadza nemvura. Zvinogona kuchengetedza chimiro chegoko rechoto, kudzivirira kushanduka uye kukuvara kwemuviri wechoto nekuda kwekupisa kwakanyanya, uye kuwedzera hupenyu hwechoto. Panguva imwe chete, zvidhinha zvesimbi zvine simba rakanaka rekudzivirira kupisa, izvo zvinogona kuderedza kurasikirwa nekupisa muchoto, kuvandudza kushanda zvakanaka kwesimba, uye kuderedza kushandiswa kwesimba rekugadzira. Mune mamwe machoto anoda kudzora tembiricha chaiyo, kushanda kwakasimba kwezvidhinha zvesimbi kunogonawo kubatsira kuchengetedza tembiricha yakafanana muchoto, kuve nechokwadi chekugadzikana kwemaitiro ekugadzira, uye nekudaro kuvandudza mhando yechigadzirwa.
Kushandiswa kweDziviriro muMasisitimu Akakosha eMapaipi
Mune mamwe maindasitiri, kune masisitimu emapaipi akakosha ekutakura zvinhu zvinopisa zvakanyanya uye zvinomanikidza zvakanyanya (senge utsi hwekupisa kwakanyanya, simbi yakanyungudutswa, nezvimwewo). Mapaipi aya anogara ari mumamiriro ezvinhu akaoma kwenguva yakareba uye anogona kukweshwa, ngura uye kukuvara kwekupisa kwakanyanya nezvinobudisa zvinhu, izvo zvinokanganisa kuchengetedzeka uye hupenyu hwebasa remapaipi.
Zvidhinha zvesimbi zvinogona kushandiswa kudzivirira zvikamu zvakakosha zvemasisitimu aya emapaipi akakosha. Nekuvaka zvidhinha zvesimbi munzvimbo dzakatarwa mukati kana kunze kwepaipi, chipingamupinyi chakasimba chekudzivirira chinogona kugadzirwa kudzivirira kukanganiswa zvakananga uye kukanganiswa kwenzvimbo iri papaipi. Kunyanya panzvimbo dzinotenderedza uye dzinosangana nepaipi, idzo dzinogona kupera nekuora, mhedzisiro yekudzivirira yekukanda zvidhinha zvesimbi inoonekwa zviri pachena. Inogona kuderedza zvakanyanya mwero wekupfeka kwepaipi, kuderedza njodzi yekubuda kwepaipi, kuona kuti painoshanda zvakachengeteka uye zvakagadzikana, kuderedza kukanganiswa kwekugadzirwa kunokonzerwa nekugadzirisa mapaipi, uye kuvandudza kushanda zvakanaka kwekugadzira.
Zvidhinha zvesimbi, zvine hunhu hwazvo hwakasiyana, zvine mashandisirwo akakosha mukuumbwa kwesimbi, maovheni emaindasitiri, masisitimu emapaipi akakosha nedzimwe nzvimbo. Nekuvandudzwa kuri kuramba kuchiita tekinoroji yekugadzira maindasitiri, zvinodiwa kuti zvidhinha zvesimbi zvishande zviri kuramba zvichiwedzera. Mune ramangwana, huwandu hwemashandisirwo azvo hunotarisirwa kuwedzera, zvichipa rutsigiro rwakavimbika rwezvinhu zvemaindasitiri akawanda. Kana uchitsvaga zvinhu zvakakodzera zvinodzivirira kupisa kwakanyanya uye zvinodzivirira ngura zvemapurojekiti ane chekuita nemaindasitiri, kuumbwa kwezvidhinha zvesimbi pasina mubvunzo isarudzo yepamusoro inofanirwa kufungwa nezvayo.
Nguva yekutumira: Nyamavhuvhu-01-2025
