Kune akawanda marudzi e refractory raw materials uye akasiyana siyana ekuisa nzira. Pane zvikamu zvitanhatu zvakazara.
Kutanga, maererano nemakemikari ezvikamu zve refractory raw materials classification
Inogona kukamurwa kuita oxide mbishi zvinhu uye isiri-oxide mbishi zvinhu. Nekuvandudzwa kwesainzi yemazuva ano uye tekinoroji, mamwe organic komisheni ave zvinhu zvemberi kana zvinhu zvekubatsira zvemhando yepamusoro yekudzivirira moto.
Vaviri, maererano nemakemikari ezvikamu zve refractory raw materials classification
Zvinoenderana nemakemikari hunhu, moto kuramba zvinhu mbishi zvinogona kukamurwa kuita acid inodzivirira moto mbishi zvinhu, senge silica, zircon, nezvimwe; Neutral fire resistance raw materials, zvakadai se corundum, bauxite (acidic), mullite (acidic), pyrite (alkaline), graphite, nezvimwewo; Alkaline moto kuramba zvinhu mbishi, senge magnesia, dolomite jecha, magnesia calcium jecha, nezvimwe.
Yetatu, zvinoenderana neyakagadzirwa process function classification
Zvinoenderana nebasa rayo mune refractory kugadzirwa maitiro, refractory raw materials inogona kukamurwa kuita main raw materials uye zvekubatsira raw materials.
Iyo main raw material ndiyo huru muviri we refractory material. Zvekubatsira mbishi zvinhu zvinogona kukamurwa kuita mabinders uye additives. Basa rebhainda nderekuita kuti muviri unoramba uine simba rakakwana mukugadzira nekushandisa. Inowanzo shandiswa sulfite pulp waste liquid, asphalt, phenolic resin, aluminate simenti, sodium silicate, phosphoric acid uye phosphate, sulfate, uye zvimwe zvezvinhu zvikuru zvakasvibiswa ivo pachavo vane basa rekubatanidza zvisungo, zvakadai sevhu rakasungwa; Basa rezviwedzere ndere kuvandudza kugadzirwa kana kuvaka maitiro ezve refractory zvinhu, kana kusimbisa zvimwe zvivakwa zvezvinhu zvinoramba, senge stabilizer, mvura inoderedza mumiririri, inhibitor, plasticizer, furo agent dispersant, expansion agent, antioxidant, nezvimwe.
Chechina, zvichienderana nemhando yeasidhi uye base classification
Zvinoenderana neasidhi uye alkali, refractory mbishi zvinhu zvinogona kukamurwa zvakanyanya muzvikamu zvishanu zvinotevera.
(1) Acid mbishi zvinhu
Kunyanya siliceous mbishi zvinhu, senge quartz, squamquartz, quartzite, chalcedony, chert, opal, quartzite, jena silica jecha, diatomite, izvi siliceous mbishi zvinhu zvine silica (SiO2) ingangoita inopfuura 90%, yakachena mbishi zvinhu zvine silica kumusoro. kusvika 99%. Silicous mbishi zvinhu zvine acidic mutembiricha yepamusoro kemikari simba, kana paine simbi oxides, kana kana yasangana nekuita kwemakemikari, uye yakasanganiswa kuita fusible silicates. Naizvozvo, kana iyo siliceous mbishi zvinhu iine diki simbi oxide, inozokanganisa zvakanyanya kupisa kwayo.
(2) semi-acidic raw materials
Inonyanya ivhu refractory. Muchikamu chakapfuura, ivhu rakanyorwa sezvinhu zvine acidic, chaizvoizvo hazvina kukodzera. Iyo acidity ye refractory raw materials yakavakirwa pamahara silica (SiO2) semuviri mukuru, nekuti zvinoenderana nekemikari yevhu refractory ivhu uye siliceous mbishi zvinhu, iyo yemahara silica muvhu refractory ishoma pane siliceous mbishi zvinhu.
Nokuti kune 30% ~ 45% alumina muvhu rinoramba richiita, uye alumina haawanzosununguka, inosungirwa kusanganiswa nesilika mu kaolinite (Al2O3 · 2SiO2 · 2H2O), kunyange kana paine zvishoma yakawandisa silica yakawanda, basa racho diki kwazvo. Naizvozvo, iyo asidhi pfuma yevhu refractory haina kusimba kupfuura iyo siliceous mbishi zvinhu. Vamwe vanhu vanotenda kuti ivhu refractory pakuora kwekushisa kwepamusoro kuve silicate yakasununguka, alumina yakasununguka, asi isina kuchinjwa, silicate yakasununguka uye alumina yakasununguka ichabatanidzwa mu quartz (3Al2O3 · 2SiO2) kana ichiramba ichipisa. Quartz ine yakanaka acid inopikisa kune alkaline slag, uye nekuda kwekuwedzera kwekuumbwa kwealuminium muvhu refractory, iyo asidhi fuma yakadzikira zvishoma nezvishoma, apo alumina yakasvika 50%, alkaline kana kusarerekera zvinhu, kunyanya kugadzirwa kwevhu zvidhinha pasi pekumanikidzwa kwakanyanya, kusimba kwakanyanya. , yakanaka compact, yakaderera porosity, kushorwa kune alkaline slag yakasimba kupfuura silica pasi pemamiriro ekushisa kwakanyanya. Quartz zvakare inononoka zvakanyanya maererano neiyo erosivity, saka isu tinoona zvakakodzera kurongedza refractory ivhu sesemi-acidic. Refractory ivhu ndiyo inonyanya kukosha uye yakashandiswa zvakanyanya mbishi zvinhu muindasitiri yekuramba.
(3) zvinhu zvisina kwazvakarerekera
Neutral raw materials inonyanya chromite, graphite, silicon carbide (artificial), pasi pemamiriro ese ekushisa haaite neasidhi kana alkaline slag. Parizvino pane zvinhu zviviri zvakadai mumasikirwo, chromite uye graphite. Pamusoro pechisikigo graphite, kune artificial graphite, aya asina kwaakarerekera mbishi zvinhu, ane akakosha kushorwa kune slag, iyo yakanyanya kufanirwa kune alkaline refractory zvinhu uye asidi refractory insulation.
(4) alkaline refractory mbishi zvinhu
Kunyanya magnesite (magnesite), dolomite, lime, olivine, nyoka, yakakwirira alumina okisijeni mbishi zvinhu (dzimwe nguva kwazvakarerekera), mbishi zvinhu izvi zvine kupikisa kwakasimba kune alkaline slag, inonyanya kushandiswa mumasonry alkaline choto, asi kunyanya nyore uye acid slag kemikari kuita uye uve munyu.
(5) Special refractory zvinhu
Kunyanya zirconia, titanium oxide, beryllium oxide, cerium oxide, thorium oxide, yttrium oxide uye zvichingodaro. Izvi zvigadzirwa zvine madhigirii akasiyana ekupikisa kune ese marudzi e slag, asi nekuti iyo mbishi sosi haina kuwanda, haigone kushandiswa muhuwandu hukuru hweindasitiri refractory, inogona kungoshandiswa mumamiriro ezvinhu akasarudzika, saka inonzi yakakosha moto. kuramba mbishi zvinhu.
shanu, maererano nechizvarwa chemhando yezvinhu zvakasvibiswa
Zvinoenderana nechizvarwa chezvakagadzirwa, zvinogona kukamurwa kuita zvechisikigo mbishi zvinhu uye zvekugadzira mbishi zvinhu mapoka maviri.
(1) zvakasikwa refractory mbishi zvinhu
Natural mineral raw materials ichiri muviri mukuru wezvigadzirwa. Zvicherwa zvinowanikwa muzvisikwa zvinoumbwa nezvinhu zvinozvigadzira. Parizvino, zvave zvichiratidzwa kuti huwandu hwese hweokisijeni, silicon nealuminium zvinhu zvitatu zvinotora chikamu che90% chehuwandu hwehuwandu hwezvinhu zviri mucrust, uye oxide, silicate uye aluminosilicate zvicherwa zvinoverengera zvakanakira zviri pachena, izvo zvakakura kwazvo. matura ezvigadzirwa zvechisikigo.
China ine hupfumi refractory raw material zviwanikwa, zvakasiyana-siyana. Magnesite, bauxite, graphite uye zvimwe zviwanikwa zvinogona kunzi mbiru nhatu dzeChina refractory raw materials; Magnesite uye bauxite, matura makuru, giredhi repamusoro; Yakanakisa mhando refractory ivhu, silica, dolomite, magnesia dolomite, magnesia olivine, serpentine, zircon uye zvimwe zviwanikwa zvakaparadzirwa zvakanyanya.
Mhando huru dzezvakagadzirwa zvechisikigo ndeiyi: silica, quartz, diatomite, wakisi, ivhu, bauxite, cyanite mineral raw materials, magnesite, dolomite, limestone, magnesite olivine, serpentine, talc, chlorite, zircon, plagiozircon, perlite, chromium iron uye chromium iron. natural graphite.
Nhanhatu, Zvinoenderana nekuumbwa kwemakemikari, zvakasikwa refractory mbishi zvinhu zvinogona kukamurwa kuita:
Silicous: yakadai secrystalline silica, quartz jecha simende silica, nezvimwewo;
② semi-siliceous (phyllachite, nezvimwewo)
③ Ivhu: sevhu rakaoma, ivhu rakapfava, nezvimwe; Sanganisa ivhu uye ivhu clinker
(4) Aruminiyamu yakakwirira: inozivikanwawo sejade, yakadai sepamusoro bauxite, sillimanite minerals;
⑤ Magnesium: magnesite;
⑥ Dolomite;
⑦ Chromite [(Fe,Mg)O·(Cr,Al)2O3];
Zircon (ZrO2 · SiO2).
Zvigadzirwa zvechisikigo zvinowanzove netsvina yakawanda, kuumbwa hakuna kugadzikana, mashandiro acho anochinja zvakanyanya, mashoma mashoma ekushandisa anogona kushandiswa zvakananga, mazhinji acho anofanirwa kucheneswa, graded kana kunyange calcined kusangana nezvinodiwa zvekugadzira zvezvinhu zvinoramba.
(2) zvekugadzira moto kuramba mbishi zvinhu
Mhando dzemaminerari echisikigo anoshandiswa kune mbishi zvinhu ane mashoma, uye kazhinji haakwanise kuzadzisa zvinodiwa zvemhando yepamusoro uye yepamusoro tekinoroji refractory zvinhu kune zvakakosha zvinodiwa zveindasitiri yemazuva ano. Synthetic refractory raw materials inokwanisa kusvika zvakazara vanhu pre-yakagadzirwa kemikari yemaminerari ekuumbwa uye chimiro, magadzirirwo ayo akachena, dense chimiro, kemikari inoumbwa iri nyore kudzora, saka mhando yacho yakagadzikana, inogona kugadzira akasiyana emhando yepamusoro refractory zvinhu, ndiyo huru mbishi. zvinhu zvemazuva ano hunyanzvi hwepamusoro uye yakakwirira tekinoroji refractory zvinhu. Kuvandudzwa kwezvinhu zvekugadzira refractory zvinokurumidza zvikuru mumakore makumi maviri apfuura.
Synthetic refractory mbishi zvinhu zvinonyanya magnesium aluminium spinel, synthetic mullite, yegungwa magnesia, synthetic magnesium cordierite, sintered corundum, aluminium titanate, silicon carbide zvichingodaro.
Nguva yekutumira: May-19-2023
