Munyika yekushanda kwemaindasitiri anopisa zvakanyanya, kuwana zvinhu zvinoramba kushanda zvakanaka zvinogona kutsungirira kupisa kwakanyanya, kuparadzwa kwemakemikari, uye kusakara kwemidziyo kwakakosha.Ivhu rinokandwa, chinhu chinogadziriswa chemhando yepamusoro chinodzivirira kudonha kwevhu chine ivhu sechinobatanidza chikuru, chave chiri mhinduro inoshandiswa kumaindasitiri akawanda. Musanganiswa wayo wakasiyana wekugara kwenguva refu, kushanda zvakanaka, uye kushanda zvakanaka kunoita kuti ive yakakosha mumamiriro ezvinhu apo kushanda mumamiriro ezvinhu akaoma kusingakurukurwi. Pazasi, tinoongorora mashandisirwo akakosha echinhu chinogadziriswa chevhu chinoita kuti chifarirwe muzvikamu zvemaindasitiri pasi rose.
Imwe yenzira huru yekushandisa simbi yevhu iri muindasitiri yesimbi, iyo inonyanya kushandiswa mukugadzira zvinhu zvinorema. Mukugadzira simbi, inoshandiswa zvakanyanya kubatanidza machira, maturu, uye mabhuru emoto. Zvinhu izvi zvinogara zvichisangana nesimbi yakanyungudutswa (inosvika 1,500°C kana kupfuura) uye kupisa kwakanyanya panguva yekukanda nekutakura. Kugadzikana kwakanyanya kwekupisa kwevhu kunodzivirira kutsemuka nekushanduka, zvichiita kuti michina ive yakasimba uye kuderedza njodzi yekudonha kwemvura. Saizvozvowo, musimbi dzisina feri—dzakadai sekugadzirwa kwealuminium, copper, uye zinc—inosunga maoven ekunyungudutsa nematangi ekubata. Kusakwanisa kwayo ngura nesimbi yakanyungudutswa uye kurwiswa kwetsvina kunowedzera hupenyu hwebasa rezvinhu izvi zvakakosha, zvichideredza nguva yekushanda kwekugadzirisa nekutsiva.
Indasitiri yekugadzira magirazi inovimbawo zvakanyanya nevhu rinokandwa muvhu kuti riite mabasa aro akaoma. Magirazi anonyungudutsa anoshanda patembiricha inodarika 1,600°C, negirazi rakanyunguduka richiita kuti zvinhu zvinyanye kuomeswa nemakemikari nekupisa. Clay castable inoshandiswa kufukidza madziro echoto, korona, uye zvinogadzirisa zvinhu, ichipa dziviriro yakasimba kubva pakupisa kwakanyanya uye girazi rinonyunguduka rinoparadza. Kugona kwayo kuchengetedza chimiro chayo kwenguva yakareba yekushanda kwenguva refu kunoita kuti girazi rigare rakanaka uye kunoderedza kukanganiswa kwekugadzirwa. Pamusoro pezvo, inoshandiswa muzvishandiso zvekugadzira magirazi zvakaita semaforoma nematafura, uko kusakara kwayo kunodzivirira zvikanganiso zvepamusoro muzvigadzirwa zvegirazi zvekupedzisira.
Muchikamu chemafuta nemafuta ekuchenesa, clay castable inoita basa rakakosha mumabasa anosanganisira tembiricha yakakwira uye media inokasira. Inobatanidza maovheni anopwanyika, ma reformers, uye ma catalytic reactors, anoshanda patembiricha inosvika 1,200°C uye anobata magasi anoparadza, mafuta, uye ma catalysts. Kusakwanisa kwechinhu ichi kukanganiswa nemakemikari kubva kumahydrocarbon, acids, uye alkalis kunodzivirira michina kubva mukuora, zvichiita kuti ishande zvakachengeteka uye zvinobudirira. Inoshandiswawo muma boiler linings uye flue gas ducts muma power plants, uko inotsungirira tembiricha yakakwira uye zvinhu zvinotakurwa nema flue gases, zvichivandudza kushanda kwesimba uye kuderedza mari yekugadzirisa.
Indasitiri yesimende nezvinhu zvekuvaka inobatsirwa nekushanda kwemhando dzakasiyana-siyana kwesimbi yevhu muzvitofu. Zvitofu zvinotenderera zvesimende zvinoshanda patembiricha inosvika 1,450°C, nejira rinoonekwa pakupisa kwakanyanya, kukanganiswa nemidziyo, uye kurwiswa nemakemikari kubva kumakemikari ealkali nesulfate. Simba revhu rinoiswa paganda rezvitofu, nzvimbo inotsva, uye madutu ekupisa, zvichipa jira rakasimba uye rinodzivirira kupisa rinovandudza kushanda kwezvitofu uye rinoita kuti nguva yaro yekushanda iwedzere. Rinoshandiswawo mumakiln e lime nemakiln e ceramic, uko kushanda kwaro kunobvumira kuumbwa nyore nyore muzvimiro zvakaoma, kuchichinjana nekugadzirwa kwakasiyana kwechikamu chega chega chezvitofu.
Kunze kwemaindasitiri aya makuru, clay castable inoshandiswa muzvishandiso zvekupisira marara nemidziyo yekugadzira kupisa. Munzvimbo dzinoshandiswa kuita simba nemarara, inoisa zvinhu zvinopisa nemakamuri ekupisa, ichitsungirira tembiricha ye1,000°C kana kupfuura uye ichidzivirira ngura kubva kumagasi ane chepfu nemadota. Kugona kwayo kubata kupisa nekupiswa uye kupfeka kwemuchina kunoita kuti marara araswe zvakachengeteka uku ichichengetedza chimiro chemuchina wekupisira. Muzvitofu zvemaindasitiri zvekurapa kupisa—zvakadai sekunyorovesa, kuomesa, uye kudziya—inoshandisa tambo dzevhu dzinoshandiswa mumakamuri emoto nezvinhu zvinodziya, ichichengetedza tembiricha dzakafanana uye ichipa mhinduro inogara kwenguva refu isingashande.
Chinoita kuti ivhu rinokwanisa kufoshwa rive rakasiyana-siyana mukushandiswa kwaro kwakasiyana-siyana ndiko kukwanisa kwaro kuchinjika. Rinogona kusanganiswa nemvura nyore nyore uye kufoshwa muchimiro chipi nechipi kana saizi, zvichiita kuti rikwanise kushandiswa mumidziyo mikuru yeindasitiri uye zvinhu zvakagadzirwa nemaoko. Kushanda kwayo zvakanaka, kana tichienzanisa nezvinhu zvinoramba kushanda zvakanaka, kunoitawo kuti ive sarudzo inofarirwa nemabhizinesi ari kutsvaga kuenzanisa mashandiro uye bhajeti. Ingave iri musimbi, magirazi, petrochemicals, simende, kana marara, ivhu rinofoshwa rinopa mhedzisiro yakafanana, richideredza njodzi dzekushanda uye richideredza mitengo yenguva refu.
Kune vanoshanda mumaindasitiri vari kutsvaga mhinduro yakavimbika inosangana nezvinodiwa munzvimbo dzinopisa zvakanyanya, clay castable ndiyo mhinduro. Mhando dzakasiyana dzemashandisirwo ayo, pamwe chete nekugara kwenguva refu uye kushanda zvakanaka, zvinoita kuti ive chinhu chakakosha pakushanda kwemaindasitiri emazuva ano. Isa mari mu clay castable nhasi uye uzive musiyano mukushanda, kushanda zvakanaka, uye kugara kwenguva refu kwemidziyo yako yakakosha.
Nguva yekutumira: Mbudzi-12-2025
